Fiume/Rijeka 1919 : question nationale, expérimentations politiques et contrôle social dans un cadre urbain
Résumé
After the collapse of the Hapsburg monarchy in October 1918, the former Hungarian port of Fiume/Rijeka was claimed by both liberal Italy and the new Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. In just a few weeks, Fiume was occupied by Croatian militias, Italian troops, and then an Allied force, and finally was the object of a coup led by the adventurist Gabriele D’Annunzio, who established a new form of sovereignty. All these powers had to deal with Fiume’s multiethnic nature, the autonomist tendencies of the Italian majority, and social conflict in an industrial port town that was ruined by warfare and the collapse of the Mitteleuropa unified market. Based on documents from Italian and Croatian archives, this paper examines the D’Annunzio regime’s attempts to maintain order in Fiume and reconsiders the regime’s alleged pre-fascist nature.
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